Some Graves Extant in Penang in Need of Protection

PENANG ISLAND

Minangkabau (Sumatran) | Muslim

• Nakhoda Nan Intan (Haji Mohammad Salleh. Died Circa mid-18th century): Founder of Batu Uban (c. 1734). Grave: Masjid Jamek Batu Uban.
• Nakhoda Kechil (Ismail. Died Early 19th century): Administrator of Tanjung Penaga. Grave: Jelutong.
• Nakhoda Bayan (Died Early 19th century): Founder of Bayan Lepas. Grave: Bayan Lepas.
• Datuk Jannatun (Datuk Jenaton. Died 1789): Chieftain and merchant. Grave: Batu Uban (off Lintang Merak).

Arab (Hadrami/Middle Eastern) | Muslim

• Tengku Syed Hussain Al-Aidid (Died 1823): Merchant and mosque founder. Grave: Masjid Lebuh Acheh.
• Sheikh Omar Basheer Al-Khalidy (Died 1881): Renowned scholar. Grave: Makam Sheikh Omar, Air Itam.
• Habib Abdullah bin Ahmad Al-Attas (Died: Circa 1900s): Religious figure. Grave: Makam Habib Abdullah, Jelutong.

Indian Muslim (Chulia/Jawi Peranakan) | Muslim

• Cauder Moheedin Merican (Kapitan Keling. Died: Circa 1834): Community leader. Grave: Makam Ma'Amah, Kampung Kolam.
• Noordin Merican (Brother of Cauder Moheedin Merican. Died 1870): Wealthy merchant. Grave: Noordin Family Tomb, George Town.
• Dato Koyah (Syed Mustapha Idris Died Circa early 19th century): Malabari Muslim saint. Grave: Transfer Road Shrine.

Chinese (Earliest)

Zhang Li (Tua Pek Kong), Ma Fu Choon, and Chiu Hsiao Ching. Known as the three legendary pioneers who arrived in 1745. They were posthumously honored as the "Tua Pek Kong" deities. Their tombs still stand adjacent to the Hai Choo Soo Temple in Tanjung Tokong.

Zeng Tingxian. An early migrant from Xiangshan, Guangzhou. His tombstone is one of the earliest identified on the island, dated 1795. Mount Erskine Chinese Cemetery (historically part of the Guangdong yizhong).

Wu Hao. Another early migrant from Xiangshan county whose tomb is dated 1796. Mount Erskine Chinese Cemetery. 

Long Nayue (Long Nai-yue, date of death unknown, presumably late 18th or early 19th century). A prominent Hokkien leader who arrived in the late 1700s and was a contemporary of Koh Lay Huan. While his grand tomb is in the 19th-century portion of Batu Lanchang, historical records suggest he was a key figure in the initial 18th-century settlement phase.

Chinese (Hokkien) | Taoist/Confucian

• Koh Lay Huan (Died 1826): First Kapitan Cina. Grave: Batu Lanchang.
• Cheah Hum Eam (died 1845). Early 18th century financier and landowner. Progenitor of the Cheah clan and the Seh Tek Tong Cheah Kongsi. Location of his grave has not been discussed and is therefore unknown and needs to be determined. Most Cheah clan leaders of this era are interred at the Mount Erskine Chinese Cemetery, although this was purchased decades after his passing.
• Khoo Tean Teik (Died 1891): Leader of Khoo Kongsi. Grave: Batu Lanchang.
• Khoo Tiong Poh (1830–1892). A shipping tycoon and merchant who founded the Bun Hin & Co. shipping line. Although his main business was in Singapore, his remains were sent back to Penang for burial. Buried at the Batu Lanchang Chinese Cemetery (Hokkien section).
• Lim Hua Cheam or Lim Hua Chiam (1843–1893). A prominent merchant and leader of the Hokkien community during the late Victorian era. Batu Lanchang Chinese Cemetery.
• Lim Hin Leong alias Puah Hin Leong (1844–1901). A philanthropist and rice merchant known for his "Puah Hin Leong" firm. His grave is located in Mount Erskine.
• Lim Leng Cheak (1850–1901). A major industrialist involved in rice milling, shipping (the Boon Tek Line), and pepper plantations. Buried at Pepper Estate.
• Khoo Boo Ann (1840–1912). A leader of the Khoo Kongsi and a shipping merchant who was one of the co-founders of the Eastern & Oriental (E&O) Hotel. He was the landlord of the building at 10 Farquhar Street, which the Sarkies Brothers leased in 1885 to open the Oriental Hotel. This property eventually merged with their existing "Eastern Hotel" to form the unified Eastern & Oriental Hotel. The Khoo Clan Cemetery in the Thean Teik Estate (Ayer Itam).
• Khoo Hun Yeang (Died 1917): Philanthropist and merchant. Grave: Kampung Bahru.
• Cheah Chen Eok (1852–1922): A legendary businessman who donated the Queen Victoria Memorial Clock Tower. Buried at the Batu Lanchang Chinese Cemetery.
• Quah Beng Kee (Died 1952): Shipping tycoon and legislative councillor. Grave: Batu Lanchang.

Chinese (Hakka) | Taoist/Confucian

• Foo Tye Sin (1825–1891). A respected community leader, government advisor, and namesake of Tye Sin Street. He was instrumental in mediating the 1867 Penang Riots. Batu Lanchang Chinese Cemetery.
• Chung Keng Quee (Died 1901): Kapitan Cina and Hai San leader. Grave: Mount Erskine (off Persiaran Lebuh Halia 1).
• Foo Choo Choon (1860–1921): Once known as the "Tin King" of Malaya. He has a massive, ornate tomb with stone lions and life-sized statues in the Mount Erskine Chinese Cemetery.
• Chung Thye Phin (1935): Last Kapitan Cina. Grave: Mount Erskine (off Tanjong Park 1 and Tanjong Park 2).

European (British/Scottish) | Protestant

• Captain Francis Light (Died 1794): Founder of the British settlement. Grave: Old Protestant Cemetery.
• David Brown (Died 1825): The largest landowner in 19th-century Penang and patriarch of the Glugor Estate. Old Protestant Cemetery, George Town.
• Rev. Robert Sparke Hutchings (Died 1827): Founder of Penang Free School. Grave: Old Protestant Cemetery.
• James Richardson Logan (Died 1869): Lawyer and activist. Grave: Old Protestant Cemetery.
• Stuart Herriot (Died 1869): British trader after whom Herriot Street was named. Grave: Old Protestant Cemetery (Northam Road).
• James Montague Bent Vermont (Died 1904): Proprietor of the Batu Kawan Estate and unofficial member of the Legislative Council, known as the "Grand Old Man" of Province Wellesley. Grave: Western Road Cemetery, George Town (Island). Although his primary work and legacy were on the Mainland, he was interred in the major European cemetery of the era.

European (Armenian) | Apostolic

• Arathoon Anthony (Died 1842): Merchant and broker. Grave: Western Road Cemetery (Relocated).
• A.A. Anthony (Died: Late 19th century): Successor to the firm. Grave: Western Road Cemetery.

Eurasian (Thai-Portuguese Mixed Blood) | Catholic

• John Gottlieb (Died: Late 19th century): Prominent merchant family member. Grave: Western Road Cemetery.
• James Rozells (Mid-19th century): Part of the early Eurasian administration. Grave: Western Road Cemetery.

Jewish | Jewish

• Shoshan Levi  (Died 1835): First person buried in the Jewish cemetery. Grave: Penang Jewish Cemetery.
• Ephraim Manasseh (Died 1949): Long-time caretaker/member of the community. Grave: Penang Jewish Cemetery.

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MAINLAND PENANG

Rawa (Sumatran) | Muslim

• Haji Muhammad Taib bin Haji Abdul Masir: Prominent Rawa merchant and community leader. Grave: Kampung Rawa. Died: 1890.
• Sutan Maamor: Significant community figure in the early Rawa settlement patterns. Grave: Kampung Rawa. Died: 1910.

Arab (Hadrami/Middle Eastern) | Muslim

• Sheikh Abu Bakar bin Yahya: Highly respected Arab religious scholar and teacher. Grave: Permatang Tok Dik. Died: 1892.

Mandailing (Sumatran) | Muslim

• Raja Bilah: A primary leader of the Mandailing community who migrated from Sumatra to the peninsula; his family was central to the development of the region. Grave: Bukit Mertajam vicinity. Died: 1911.

Chinese (Hokkien) | Taoist/Confucian

• Boon Teik: Local pioneer and leader instrumental in the agricultural and commercial development of the Bukit Mertajam area. Grave: Bukit Mertajam. Died: 1903.

European (British) | Protestant

• Alexander Johnston: A pioneer planter on the mainland associated with early sugar and spice estates (Batu Kawan area). Grave: Mainland (specific site currently under private/plantation custody). Died: 1851.

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